Du Wenxiu

Du Wenxiu was a Hui Muslim leader who led the Panthay Rebellion against Qing rule in Yunnan and established a sultanate based in Dali.

Panthay Rebellion: A Muslim-led uprising against Qing rule in Yunnan from 1856 to 1873. Du Wenxiu led this rebellion and made Dali its political center.
Sultanate of Dali: The rebel state based in Dali during the Panthay Rebellion, also known as the Pingnan Guo. It was the government Du Wenxiu headed during the rebellion.
Ma Rulong: A Hui military leader who fought in the Panthay Rebellion and later surrendered to the Qing. His shifting alliance illustrates divisions among Hui forces in Yunnan.
Qing reconquest of Yunnan: The Qing military campaign that defeated the Panthay regime and reasserted imperial control in Yunnan. Its success ended Du Wenxiu's government and the rebellion's major phase.
Dali: A historic city in western Yunnan, China, on the western shore of Erhai Lake. Du Wenxiu established his rebel government in this city.
Pingnan Guo: The name, meaning 'Pacified South State,' used for Du Wenxiu's rebel regime in Yunnan. This state title expressed the regime's claim to rule in southern China.
Cen Yuying: A Qing official and military commander who helped suppress the Panthay Rebellion in Yunnan. He led the Qing campaign that brought Du Wenxiu's state to an end.
Chinese diaspora in Southeast Asia: Communities of Chinese origin established across Southeast Asian countries through migration. Conflict and displacement in nineteenth-century Yunnan contributed to migration toward neighboring regions.
Taiping Rebellion: A massive civil war in Qing China from 1850 to 1864, led by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Its era of instability overlapped with the uprising in Yunnan.
Islam in China: The history and practice of Islam among China's diverse Muslim communities. Islamic institutions and identity informed the regime's political life.

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History of YunnanRelated: His revolt reveals the scale of religious and political conflict in Qing-era Yunnan.