Dvaitadvaita

Dvaitadvaita is a Vedanta school associated with Nimbarka. It teaches that individual souls and the world are both distinct from and non-different from Brahman.

Connect

Brahman: In Indian philosophical traditions, Brahman is ultimate reality or the ground of existence. Dvaitadvaita treats souls and the world as both distinct from and non-different from this reality.
Svabhavika Bhedabheda: Svabhavika Bhedabheda is Nimbarka’s doctrine that difference and non-difference between Brahman, souls, and the world are natural. This is the specific form of simultaneous difference and non-difference associated with Dvaitadvaita.
Nimbarka: Nimbarka was an Indian Vedanta philosopher and Vaishnava teacher traditionally credited with founding Dvaitadvaita. The school’s defining doctrine and lineage are attributed to him.
Advaita Vedanta: Advaita Vedanta is a nondual school that regards Brahman as ultimate reality and the self as ultimately identical with it. Unlike Dvaitadvaita, it does not affirm enduring difference between individual souls and Brahman at the highest level.
Jiva: Jiva is the individual living self or soul in Indian religious and philosophical traditions. The school explains each soul’s relation to Brahman through simultaneous difference and non-difference.
Brahma Sutras: The Brahma Sutras are concise aphorisms systematizing teachings of the Upanishads. Nimbarka’s Vedanta interpretation draws on these aphorisms to establish its account of reality.
Nivasacharya: Nivasacharya was a commentator in the Nimbarka tradition, traditionally credited with writing the Vedanta Parijata Saurabha. His commentary presents an influential early exposition of Nimbarka’s Brahma Sutra interpretation.
Dvaita Vedanta: Dvaita Vedanta is a dualist school that maintains an enduring distinction between God, individual souls, and matter. Its rejection of non-difference contrasts with Dvaitadvaita’s account of both relation and distinction.
Prakriti: Prakriti is primordial nature or materiality in several Indian philosophical systems. Dvaitadvaita includes the world, grounded in material nature, in its account of relation to Brahman.
Parinama-vada: Parinama-vada is the view that effects arise through a real transformation of their cause. It offers a model for explaining how a world dependent on Brahman can be genuinely real.