Dyeing
Dyeing is the process of adding color to fibers, yarns, or fabrics by applying dyes that become fixed within or onto the material.
Dye–fiber interaction: The molecular attractions and chemical bonds that determine how dyes associate with textile fibers. These interactions govern dye uptake, colorfastness, and which dyes suit each fiber.
Textile fiber: A natural or manufactured strand used to make yarns and fabrics. Fibers provide the material whose chemistry and structure determine dyeing behavior.
Fiber dyeing: Dyeing textile fibers before they are spun into yarn. Coloring at this stage can produce heathered effects when differently colored fibers are blended.
Textile industry: The global system that produces fibers, yarns, fabrics, and finished textile goods. Dyeing is a major wet-processing stage within textile production.
Exhaust dyeing: A batch dyeing method in which fibers absorb dye from a liquid bath over time. It is a common process for transferring dye from a bath into textile material.
Dye: A colored substance that absorbs visible light and can impart color to another material. Dyes are the colorants applied to fibers, yarns, or fabrics.
Yarn dyeing: Dyeing yarn before it is woven or knitted into fabric. It enables patterns such as checks and stripes made from differently colored yarns.
Textile wastewater: Water discharged from textile processing that may contain dyes, salts, auxiliaries, and other contaminants. Unfixed dye and processing chemicals can enter wastewater streams.
Continuous dyeing: A textile process that applies dye to moving fabric in successive stages. It contrasts with batch methods by treating long lengths of fabric continuously.
Cellulose: A structural polysaccharide that forms the main component of plant cell walls and cotton fibers. Cotton's cellulose chemistry makes it receptive to particular dye classes.