E. H. Harriman

Edward Henry Harriman (1848–1909) was an American railroad executive who reorganized Union Pacific and assembled a major western transportation network.

Union Pacific Railroad: An American railroad company that built the first transcontinental railroad’s western portion and later became a major freight carrier. Harriman took control of Union Pacific in 1897 and rebuilt its finances, equipment, and operations.
Wall Street: A financial district in New York City and a metonym for the American securities industry. Harriman began as a securities broker before turning his financial connections toward railroad control.
Sidney Dillon: An American railroad executive who served as president of Union Pacific during its nineteenth-century development. Dillon was Harriman’s partner in acquiring Union Pacific during its 1897 reorganization.
Northern Securities Company: A holding company formed in 1901 to combine control of the Great Northern and Northern Pacific railroads. Harriman’s attempt to gain control of Northern Pacific helped trigger the company’s formation and antitrust case.
Southern Pacific Transportation Company: A railroad system that linked California with the eastern United States and operated routes across the American West. Harriman gained control of Southern Pacific, connecting its routes with Union Pacific’s network.
Erie Railroad: A major nineteenth-century American railroad linking New York City with the Great Lakes region. Harriman’s early railroad investments included a directorship at the Erie Railroad.
Jacob Schiff: A German-born American banker who led Kuhn, Loeb & Co. and financed major railroad reorganizations. Schiff’s firm helped finance the Union Pacific reorganization that brought Harriman to control.
Northern Securities Co. v. United States: A 1904 U.S. Supreme Court decision upholding the federal dissolution of the Northern Securities Company under antitrust law. The ruling limited railroad consolidation after Harriman’s competition for Northern Pacific intensified.
Oregon Short Line Railroad: A railroad that connected Union Pacific’s transcontinental route with Oregon and the Pacific Northwest. It formed a key link in the northwestern network Harriman developed around Union Pacific.
Illinois Central Railroad: A railroad chartered in 1851 that connected Chicago with the Gulf of Mexico. Harriman joined its board and used railroad investment experience to build influence before Union Pacific.

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