Knowra Early Islam Early Islam Early Islam is the emergence of the Muslim community and its first expansion from seventh-century Arabia. It took shape through Muhammad’s preaching, the Qur’an, and the community’s political and religious institutions.
Muhammad : Muhammad was the Arabian religious and political leader whom Muslims regard as God’s final prophet. His preaching in Mecca and leadership in Medina formed the movement’s human center.
Hijra : The Hijra is Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to Yathrib, later called Medina, in 622 CE. It marks the community’s escape from Meccan pressure and the start of its new political base.
Abu Bakr : Abu Bakr was Muhammad’s close companion and the first caliph, ruling from 632 to 634 CE. His succession tested how the community would preserve unity after Muhammad’s death.
Rashidun Caliphate : The Rashidun Caliphate was the polity ruled by the first four caliphs after Muhammad’s death. It names the early state through which Muslim rule expanded beyond Arabia.
Pre-Islamic Arabia : Pre-Islamic Arabia is the Arabian Peninsula’s societies and cultures before the rise of Islam. Its tribal networks, trade routes, and religious diversity formed the setting for Islam’s emergence.
Qur’an : The Qur’an is Islam’s foundational scripture, understood by Muslims as revelations given to Muhammad in Arabic. Its recitations supplied the movement’s central message and became its scripture.
Medina : Medina is the Arabian city that became Muhammad’s home and the center of the early Muslim community. There, the community organized worship, alliances, and public authority.
Umar ibn al-Khattab : Umar ibn al-Khattab was the second caliph, ruling from 634 to 644 CE. His reign oversaw major territorial expansion beyond Arabia.
Ridda Wars : The Ridda Wars were campaigns led by Abu Bakr against Arabian groups that rejected Medina’s authority after Muhammad’s death. They reasserted the community’s political cohesion after the founder’s death.
Jahiliyyah : Jahiliyyah is an Islamic term for the condition of ignorance or disorder associated with pre-Islamic Arabia. The term expresses how Muslim sources contrast the new revelation with earlier social and religious life.
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