Earthquake catalog

An earthquake catalog is a systematic record of earthquakes, typically listing their origin times, locations, and estimated magnitudes. It may also include depth, uncertainty, and source information.

Seismology: The scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of seismic waves through Earth. It supplies the methods used to detect and describe cataloged earthquakes.
Seismic phase: A recognizable portion of a seismic wave train, such as a P wave or S wave. Phase arrival times help locate the earthquakes listed in a catalog.
Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis: A method for estimating the likelihood that specified levels of earthquake shaking will be exceeded at a site over time. Historical event rates in catalogs help estimate future shaking probabilities.
ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue: A global catalog of large instrumentally recorded earthquakes, with consistently re-evaluated locations and magnitudes. It illustrates a curated catalog designed for reliable global comparisons.
Seismicity catalog completeness: The degree to which a seismic catalog includes all earthquakes above a specified size in a region and period. Incomplete detection can make apparent changes in earthquake rates misleading.
Seismometer: An instrument that measures ground motion, including motion caused by seismic waves. Its recordings provide the observations from which many catalog events are identified.
Earthquake location: The estimation of an earthquake's position and depth from seismic observations. Location procedures convert station measurements into catalog coordinates.
Earthquake early warning: A system that detects an earthquake after it begins and issues alerts before strong shaking reaches some locations. Catalogs support event analysis, though real-time warnings rely on rapid measurements.
Global Centroid Moment Tensor catalog: A catalog of earthquake source mechanisms and moment tensors derived from seismic waveforms. It emphasizes source properties beyond the basic event listings common to catalogs.
Magnitude homogenization: The conversion of earthquake magnitude estimates from different scales into a consistent scale. Mixed magnitude scales complicate comparisons across catalog eras and agencies.

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