Educational inequality

Educational inequality is the unequal distribution of access to educational opportunities, resources, experiences, or outcomes among individuals and social groups.

Socioeconomic status: A person's or group's social and economic position, commonly measured through income, education, and occupation. Income and parental education shape school access, learning resources, and educational attainment.
Title I: A United States federal program that provides financial assistance to schools serving children from low-income families. It directs additional funding toward schools serving economically disadvantaged students.
Educational attainment: The highest level of education an individual has completed. Unequal opportunities accumulate into differences in credentials and completed schooling.
Educational equity: The principle that educational support and opportunities should respond to differing needs and barriers. Equity names a standard for addressing unequal conditions, rather than inequality itself.
Residential segregation: The geographic separation of social groups into distinct residential areas. Housing patterns sort students into schools with sharply different resources and peer environments.
School desegregation: Policies and actions intended to end racial separation in schools. Desegregation efforts address unequal school access and resources linked to racial isolation.
Achievement gap: A persistent difference in measured academic performance between groups of students. It captures one visible outcome of unequal learning conditions and opportunities.
Educational equality: The ideal of providing people with the same educational rights, access, or treatment. Equal treatment can leave underlying differences in resources and circumstances untouched.
School funding: The collection and allocation of public and private money for schools. Funding rules can give schools serving different communities unequal resources.
Affirmative action in education: Policies that consider group disadvantage or identity to broaden access to educational institutions. Admissions policies can counter unequal preparation and longstanding exclusion.

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