Edward II of England

Edward II was King of England from 1307 until his deposition in 1327. His reign was marked by conflict with powerful barons and defeat by Scotland at Bannockburn.

Battle of Bannockburn: A 1314 Scottish victory over an English army led by Edward II near Stirling. The defeat exposed the limits of Edward’s military leadership and strengthened Robert the Bruce.
Piers Gaveston: A Gascon nobleman and close favorite of Edward II, executed by rebellious barons in 1312. Edward’s favor toward Gaveston helped provoke aristocratic resistance early in the reign.
Ordinances of 1311: A set of reforms imposed on Edward II that restricted royal government and demanded control over royal appointments. They formalized the barons’ attempt to limit Edward’s discretion and remove his advisers.
Edward III of England: King of England from 1327 to 1377, son and successor of Edward II. His accession followed his father’s deposition, while his later rule displaced Isabella and Mortimer.
Battle of Boroughbridge: A 1322 victory by royal forces over rebel barons in northern England. Its outcome briefly restored Edward’s control before a new invasion brought his downfall.
Hugh Despenser the Younger: An English royal favorite who became a dominant political figure under Edward II. His influence deepened the conflict between the king and his opponents.
Despenser War: The 1321–1322 rebellion by English barons against Edward II and the Despenser family. The conflict shows how opposition to the king’s favorites escalated into armed revolt.
Isabella and Mortimer’s regime: The government led by Isabella of France and Roger Mortimer during Edward III’s minority. It arose from Edward II’s deposition and lost power when Edward III asserted his authority.
Invasion of England (1326): A campaign led by Isabella of France and Roger Mortimer that toppled Edward II’s government. The invasion turned opposition to Edward into the movement that removed him from power.
Robert the Bruce: King of Scots who led the Scottish struggle for independence from England. His military success, especially at Bannockburn, contrasted with Edward’s failures in Scotland.

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