Edward the Black Prince

Edward of Woodstock (1330–1376), known as the Black Prince, was the eldest son of Edward III of England and a military commander in the Hundred Years’ War.

Edward III of England: King of England from 1327 to 1377, whose reign included the opening decades of the Hundred Years’ War. Edward’s father, whose wars in France shaped his son’s military career.
Battle of Crécy: A 1346 English victory in northern France during the Hundred Years’ War. Edward commanded the English vanguard in the battle, one of his earliest major victories.
Chevauchée: A mounted military raid intended to devastate territory, disrupt authority, and draw an enemy into battle. Edward used chevauchées to weaken French control and provision his campaigns.
Black Prince's Ruby: A large red spinel set in the Imperial State Crown of the United Kingdom. Despite its name, the jewel’s documented English royal history begins after Edward’s lifetime.
Richard II of England: King of England from 1377 to 1399 and son of Edward the Black Prince. Edward’s only legitimate son succeeded his grandfather while still a child.
Battle of Poitiers: A 1356 English victory in which French king John II was captured. Edward led the campaign and captured the French king.
Black Prince's Aquitaine: The English principality of Aquitaine under Edward’s rule from 1362 to 1372. As prince of Aquitaine, Edward governed territories that supplied troops and revenue.
Order of the Garter: An English order of chivalry founded by Edward III in the fourteenth century. Edward became one of its earliest and most celebrated members.
Joan of Kent: An English noblewoman who married Edward the Black Prince and was the mother of Richard II. Her marriage to Edward produced the heir who became Richard II.
Black Prince's chevauchée of 1355: A destructive English mounted raid through southwestern France led by Edward in 1355. The raid displayed the speed and devastation of Edward’s campaigning in Aquitaine.

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