Efraín Ríos Montt

Efraín Ríos Montt was a Guatemalan military officer and politician who ruled as de facto president from 1982 to 1983 and later served as president of Congress.

Guatemalan genocide: Mass killings and other crimes committed against Guatemala’s Maya population during the country’s civil war. Guatemala’s historical clarification commission found that state forces committed genocide against Maya groups during his rule.
Operation Sofia: A 1982 Guatemalan military operation involving counterinsurgency actions against Maya communities in the Ixil region. Documents from the operation illuminate military actions during the government’s campaign in the Ixil area.
1982 Guatemalan coup d'état: The military coup on March 23, 1982, that overthrew President Fernando Romeo Lucas García. The coup installed Ríos Montt as head of the ruling military junta.
José Efraín Ríos Montt's military government: The Guatemalan government led by Ríos Montt from March 1982 until August 1983. Its ministers and military leaders carried out policies for which his presidency is remembered.
Ríos Montt's 2013 conviction: The Guatemalan court judgment that sentenced Ríos Montt for genocide and crimes against humanity in 2013. The conviction gave legal form to accusations concerning his government’s actions against the Ixil Maya.
Dos Erres massacre: A 1982 massacre in which Guatemalan soldiers killed hundreds of people in the village of Las Dos Erres. The massacre occurred under his government and became a prominent case in later prosecutions.
Civilian Self-Defense Patrols: Armed local patrols organized by the Guatemalan army to support counterinsurgency and control rural populations. His government expanded forced participation in patrols as part of its rural counterinsurgency strategy.
Fernando Romeo Lucas García: A Guatemalan general and president from 1978 until he was overthrown in 1982. His overthrow marked the transition from Lucas García’s presidency to Ríos Montt’s rule.
Óscar Humberto Mejía Víctores: A Guatemalan general who succeeded Ríos Montt as head of state after the 1983 coup. Mejía Víctores removed him from power and continued military rule.
Guatemalan Constitutional Court: Guatemala’s highest court for constitutional matters. It annulled the 2013 verdict on procedural grounds, preventing the conviction from remaining in force.

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