Egypt–Israel peace treaty

The 1979 agreement between Egypt and Israel that ended their state of war, established diplomatic relations, and set Israel’s withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula.

Sinai Peninsula: A peninsula in northeastern Egypt linking Africa and Asia, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. The treaty required Israel to withdraw from the peninsula and return it to Egyptian sovereignty.
Yom Kippur War: The 1973 war in which Egypt and Syria launched attacks against Israeli forces in the Sinai and Golan Heights. The war helped open a path from military confrontation to negotiations over the Sinai.
Anwar Sadat: Egypt’s president from 1970 to 1981, who pursued negotiations with Israel and signed the 1979 peace treaty. Sadat made the strategic decision to negotiate peace and return the Sinai through diplomacy.
Egypt–Israel relations: The political, military, and economic relationship between Egypt and Israel since their 1979 peace treaty. The treaty normalized state relations, while public and cultural ties remained limited.
Multinational Force and Observers: An independent peacekeeping organization that monitors compliance with the security provisions of the Egypt–Israel treaty. It verifies limits on military forces in the Sinai after the United Nations declined the monitoring role.
Anwar Sadat's 1977 visit to Israel: The Egyptian president’s November 1977 trip to Jerusalem, where he addressed the Israeli parliament. Sadat’s visit broke a major diplomatic barrier and accelerated direct peace negotiations.
Menachem Begin: Israel’s prime minister from 1977 to 1983 and a signatory of the treaty with Egypt. Begin negotiated Israel’s withdrawal from the Sinai while securing peace and recognition.
Arab League suspension of Egypt: The Arab League’s suspension of Egypt from 1979 to 1989 after its peace treaty with Israel. The treaty brought Egypt regional isolation before its membership was restored.
Diplomatic relations: Official political relations between sovereign states, commonly maintained through embassies and formal communication. The treaty established formal relations between Egypt and Israel.
Egyptian–Israeli disengagement agreements: The 1974 and 1975 agreements that separated Egyptian and Israeli forces after the 1973 war. They created an interim framework for withdrawal and negotiation before a comprehensive peace treaty.

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