Egyptian archaeology

Egyptian archaeology studies ancient Egypt through artifacts, architecture, human remains, and the contexts in which they were found. It combines excavation and scientific analysis to reconstruct past lives and societies.

Stratigraphy: The study of layered deposits used to establish the relative sequence of past events. Layers at Egyptian sites help distinguish successive occupations and date finds relative to one another.
Giza pyramid complex: A group of Fourth Dynasty royal pyramids, cemeteries, and associated structures on the Giza Plateau. Its monuments and settlements reveal royal construction alongside the lives of workers and officials.
Napoleon's Egyptian campaign: The French military expedition to Egypt from 1798 to 1801, accompanied by scholars and artists. Its scholarly survey and publications helped make ancient Egypt a focus of European study.
Egyptian pottery: Ceramic vessels and objects made in ancient Egypt for domestic, ritual, and administrative use. Pottery styles and fabrics help date deposits and trace production and exchange.
Egyptian cultural heritage: The monuments, objects, practices, and knowledge inherited from Egypt’s past. Archaeological discoveries become part of debates over how Egypt’s past is preserved and represented.
Archaeological context: The physical and spatial associations in which an archaeological object or feature is found. A find’s location and associations often reveal more than the object alone.
Amarna: The short-lived Egyptian capital founded by Akhenaten in the fourteenth century BCE. Its unusually brief occupation preserves a detailed snapshot of a major political and religious transition.
Description de l'Égypte: A monumental illustrated publication documenting Egypt produced by scholars of Napoleon’s expedition. Its plates recorded monuments and landscapes that later researchers could compare with archaeological evidence.
Egyptian funerary practices: The burial customs and rituals through which ancient Egyptians prepared and commemorated the dead. Tombs and human remains preserve changing beliefs and practices around death.
Antiquities trade: The commercial exchange of ancient objects, including objects removed from archaeological contexts. Illicit removal can destroy the provenience that gives archaeological finds historical meaning.

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