Eisenhower Doctrine

A 1957 U.S. policy pledging economic and military aid, including armed force, to Middle Eastern nations resisting communist aggression.

Suez Crisis: A 1956 conflict began when Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal and Britain, France, and Israel invaded. The crisis weakened British and French influence and sharpened U.S. concern about a regional power vacuum.
Joint Resolution of 1957: A U.S. congressional resolution authorized the president to use economic and military assistance, including armed forces, in the Middle East. It gave the doctrine its legal authority and specified the president's available instruments.
1958 Lebanon crisis: A political crisis in Lebanon in 1958 led President Camille Chamoun to request U.S. military intervention. The crisis prompted the doctrine's only direct deployment of U.S. troops.
U.S. foreign policy: U.S. foreign policy comprises the principles and actions governing the United States' relations with other countries. The doctrine marked a more explicit presidential commitment to Middle Eastern security.
Anthony Eden: Anthony Eden was a British prime minister from 1955 to 1957. His government's Suez intervention strained relations with Eisenhower and shaped the policy's regional setting.
Dwight D. Eisenhower: Dwight D. Eisenhower was the 34th president of the United States, serving from 1953 to 1961. As president, he proposed the policy and held the authority Congress granted.
Operation Blue Bat: Operation Blue Bat was the 1958 U.S. military landing in Lebanon, involving about 14,000 personnel. It was the armed intervention carried out under Eisenhower's Middle East policy.
Containment: Containment was the U.S. strategy of limiting the expansion of Soviet power and communist influence. The doctrine extended containment to possible communist gains in the Middle East.
Gamal Abdel Nasser: Gamal Abdel Nasser was Egypt's president from 1956 to 1970 and a leading Arab nationalist. His influence and ties with the Soviet Union formed part of U.S. officials' perceived challenge.
United States Congress: The United States Congress is the federal legislature, composed of the Senate and House of Representatives. Congress debated and approved the resolution that authorized the doctrine's measures.

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