Electric power distribution

Electric power distribution delivers electricity from transmission systems or substations through local networks to homes, businesses, and other consumers. It typically uses lower voltages than bulk transmission.

Distribution substation: A facility that transforms electricity to distribution voltages and connects transmission systems to local circuits. It commonly marks the handoff from transmission into the local distribution network.
Three-phase electric power: A system of alternating currents in three conductors whose phases are offset by 120 degrees. Three-phase supply carries power efficiently through many distribution feeders.
Distributed generation: Electricity generation connected to distribution networks near the loads it serves. Local generators can supply nearby demand and alter power flows on distribution circuits.
Electric power transmission: The bulk transfer of electricity over high-voltage networks between generators and major substations. Transmission moves bulk power across regions; distribution delivers it to end users.
Radial distribution system: A network topology in which each customer is supplied along one path from a source. Its simple branching layout is common in local electricity networks.
Alternating current: Electric current that periodically reverses direction. Most public distribution networks deliver electricity as alternating current.
Rooftop solar power: Electricity generated by photovoltaic panels installed on building rooftops. Its output can flow back through customer connections into local distribution networks.
High-voltage direct current: A method of transmitting bulk electricity using direct current at high voltage. It is used for long-distance bulk transfer rather than ordinary local distribution.
Ring main unit: A compact switchgear assembly that controls and protects sections of a medium-voltage ring network. It lets operators isolate a fault while restoring supply through an alternate route.
Voltage regulation: The control of voltage levels as electrical loads and network conditions change. Distribution operators keep customer voltages within permitted ranges despite varying demand.

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