Electric power transmission

Electric power transmission is the bulk transfer of electrical energy from generating stations to substations over high-voltage networks. It connects distant generation with distribution systems while limiting losses and maintaining reliable operation.

High-voltage direct current: A transmission method that sends electrical power as direct current at high voltage between converter stations. It can move power efficiently over very long distances and submarine cables where alternating-current links are less suitable.
Overhead power line: A conductor system suspended above ground that carries electric power between network locations. Overhead lines form much of the long-distance transmission network.
Electrical grid: An interconnected network that delivers electricity from generators to consumers. Transmission networks form the high-voltage backbone of an electrical grid.
Joule heating: Heat produced when electric current passes through a resistive material. Line resistance converts some transmitted electrical energy into heat.
Electric power distribution: The delivery of electricity from substations through local networks to end users. Distribution serves nearby customers at lower voltages, unlike bulk transmission between network hubs.
Three-phase electric power: An alternating-current system using three voltage waveforms separated by 120 electrical degrees. Most high-voltage transmission networks use three phases to carry power smoothly and economically.
Underground power cable: An insulated cable installed below ground to carry electric power. Cables provide an alternative to overhead lines in dense urban areas and sensitive corridors.
Interconnector: A transmission link that connects separate electricity networks or market areas. Interconnectors let neighboring systems exchange power across network boundaries.
Skin effect: The tendency of alternating current to concentrate near a conductor’s surface as frequency increases. It raises effective resistance in transmission conductors and affects their design.
Distributed generation: Electricity generation located near the consumers or distribution networks it serves. Local generation can reduce dependence on long-distance bulk transfers.

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