Electrical insulator

An electrical insulator is a material in which electric charge moves only with great difficulty under ordinary conditions. Its high electrical resistance limits current flow.

Electrical conductivity: Electrical conductivity measures how readily a material carries electric current. Insulators have low conductivity, the inverse property that describes their resistance to charge flow.
Electric charge: Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter that produces and responds to electromagnetic forces. Insulation concerns how readily charge moves through a material.
Electrical insulation: Electrical insulation is the use of insulating materials to prevent unwanted current flow. It applies the material property to protect conductors, equipment, and people.
Electrical conductor: An electrical conductor is a material that allows electric charge to move readily. Conductors carry current readily, unlike the high resistance of insulators.
Band gap: A band gap is the energy range separating a material’s valence and conduction bands. A large band gap makes it difficult for electrons to enter mobile states.
Electric current: Electric current is the rate at which electric charge passes a point. An insulator is defined by how strongly it impedes this flow.
Insulated wire: Insulated wire is a conductor covered by a material that limits current leakage and contact. Its coating separates the intended current path from surrounding objects.
Semiconductor: A semiconductor is a material whose electrical conductivity lies between that of conductors and insulators and can be controlled. Its intermediate, adjustable conductivity contrasts with an insulator’s strong resistance under ordinary conditions.
Dielectric strength: Dielectric strength is the maximum electric field a material withstands before electrical breakdown. It sets the field at which an insulator stops blocking current.
Electrical resistivity and conductivity: Electrical resistivity and conductivity quantify how strongly a material opposes or permits current. Resistivity gives a quantitative basis for classifying insulating materials.

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