Electrical resistance and conductance

Electrical resistance measures how strongly a component opposes electric current, while conductance measures how readily it passes current. For a linear component, conductance is the reciprocal of resistance.

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Ohm's law: A relation stating that voltage equals current times resistance for an ohmic component. It defines resistance through the voltage required to drive a given current.
Electric potential difference: The change in electric potential energy per unit charge between two points. Voltage across a component is the driving quantity compared with its current.
Resistor: A circuit component designed to provide a specified electrical resistance. It uses controlled resistance to set currents and voltage drops.
Impedance: The frequency-dependent opposition to alternating current, combining resistance and reactance. Unlike resistance alone, impedance accounts for energy storage and phase shifts in AC circuits.
Electrical resistivity and conductivity: Material properties describing opposition to current and ease of current flow, independent of a sample's dimensions. They connect a material's behavior to the resistance and conductance of a shaped sample.
Electric charge: A fundamental property of matter that causes electromagnetic interactions. Current through a resistor is the flow rate of electric charge.
Electrical conductivity measurement: The measurement of how readily a material conducts electric current. Conductance measurements reveal properties of solutions and other materials.
Reactance: The opposition to alternating current caused by capacitors and inductors. It affects AC flow without being the dissipative opposition measured by resistance.
Electrical current: The rate at which electric charge passes a point in a circuit. Resistance relates the current through a component to the voltage across it.
Ampere: The SI unit of electric current. Current in resistance and conductance measurements is expressed in amperes.