Electrical safety

Electrical safety comprises practices and engineering measures that reduce harm from electric shock, burns, and electrical fires.

Electric shock: An injury caused when electric current passes through the body. It is the primary bodily hazard that electrical safety measures seek to prevent.
Electric current: The rate at which electric charge flows through a conductor or other medium. Current through the body, rather than voltage alone, produces electric shock injury.
Lockout–tagout: A procedure for isolating hazardous energy and marking equipment to prevent unexpected re-energization during work. It controls electrical energy before maintenance begins.
Fuse: A sacrificial overcurrent device that melts and opens a circuit when current exceeds its rating. A fuse protects against excessive current but does not directly detect every hazardous leakage current.
Ground-fault circuit interrupter: A device that disconnects a circuit when it detects a small imbalance between outgoing and returning current. It cuts power quickly when current leaks through a person or another unintended path.
Voltage: The electric potential difference between two points that can drive charge through a circuit. Voltage helps determine whether current can pass through a person or across insulation.
Personal protective equipment: Wearable equipment designed to reduce exposure to workplace hazards. Electrical work may require insulating gloves, arc-rated clothing, and other protective gear.
Circuit breaker: A resettable device that opens a circuit when current exceeds specified conditions. Unlike a ground-fault interrupter, an ordinary breaker may not trip at shock-threatening leakage currents.
Electrical grounding: A conductive connection between an electrical system or equipment and the ground or a designated reference point. Grounding provides a low-impedance fault path that can help protective devices disconnect power.
Electrical resistance: A property that opposes the flow of electric current through a material or component. Body and contact resistance vary, changing the current produced by a given voltage.

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