Electrical techniques

Electrical techniques use currents, voltages, or electric fields to measure, control, or alter physical and biological systems.

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Electrocardiography: A method that records the heart’s electrical activity from electrodes placed on the body. It measures biological electrical signals to assess heart rhythm and function.
Ohm's law: The relation stating that voltage across a conductor equals current multiplied by resistance. It links applied voltage, current, and resistance in many measurement setups.
Voltage: The electric potential difference between two points. Voltage supplies the driving force in many electrical measurements and interventions.
Optical measurement: The determination of physical properties by measuring light and its interaction with matter. It can measure systems without electrical contact, unlike many electrode-based techniques.
Bioelectronic medicine: The use of electronic devices to modulate neural circuits and treat disease. It turns electrical stimulation into targeted therapies for biological dysfunction.
Electroencephalography: A method that records brain electrical activity using electrodes on the scalp or brain surface. It applies electrical sensing to neural activity.
Electric field: A physical field that exerts force on electric charges. It describes how electrical techniques influence charged particles and matter.
Electric current: The rate at which electric charge passes a point in a circuit. Current is both a controllable input and a measurable response.
Mechanical testing: The measurement of material behavior under applied forces or deformation. It probes physical response through force rather than electrical signals.
Electrical safety: Practices and standards that reduce risks from electric shock, burns, and electrical fires. Electrical intervention requires control of hazards to people and equipment.