Electrode potential

Electrode potential is the electrical potential difference associated with an electrode’s tendency to undergo oxidation or reduction. Its value is measured relative to a reference electrode.

Electrical double layer: A structure of separated charges that forms at the boundary between an electrode and an electrolyte. Charge separation at the electrode–solution interface contributes to the measured potential.
Oxidation–reduction reaction: A chemical reaction involving electron transfer and changes in oxidation states. Electrode potential expresses the tendency of a redox half-reaction to proceed.
Cell potential: The voltage difference between the two electrodes of an electrochemical cell. Subtracting electrode potentials gives the cell’s driving voltage under specified conditions.
Redox potential: A potential describing the tendency of a redox system to accept or donate electrons. The term often describes solution redox conditions, while electrode potential centers on an electrode interface.
Nernst equation: An equation relating an electrode’s equilibrium potential to the activities of reacting species and temperature. It predicts how the potential shifts when concentrations or temperature change.
Half-reaction: One oxidation or reduction component of a redox reaction, written with electrons explicitly. Electrode potentials are assigned to individual half-reactions.
Electrochemical series: A ranking of redox couples by their standard electrode potentials. The series helps predict which species can oxidize or reduce others.
Open-circuit voltage: The voltage across a device when no external current is drawn. It may approximate equilibrium cell voltage, but practical cells can include non-equilibrium effects.
Standard electrode potential: An electrode potential measured under standard-state conditions relative to the standard hydrogen electrode. It provides a defined baseline for comparing redox couples.
Oxidation state: A formal charge assigned to an atom by treating its bonds as ionic. Changes in oxidation state identify the redox transformations associated with an electrode.

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