Electrode

An electrode is a conductive component through which electric current enters or leaves a material, device, or biological system. Its behavior depends on the interface between the conductor and the surrounding medium.

Electrode–electrolyte interface: The boundary where an electrode contacts an ionic conductor and charge transfer or capacitive effects occur. This boundary determines how current passes between a metal electrode and an electrolyte.
Electrolyte: A substance that conducts ions through mobile charged species, usually in a liquid or solid medium. Electrodes exchange charge with electrolytes in batteries, sensors, and electrochemical cells.
Lithium-ion battery: A rechargeable battery that stores energy by moving lithium ions between electrodes. Its positive and negative electrodes reversibly host lithium during charging and discharging.
Capacitive coupling: Transfer of an electrical signal between conductors through an electric field rather than direct conductive contact. It can sense or deliver signals without the direct current path of a conventional electrode.
Electric double layer: A pair of oppositely charged regions that forms at a boundary between an electrode and an electrolyte. Charge separation at this interface stores energy and shapes its electrical response.
Electrochemical cell: A system in which chemical reactions and electrical energy are linked through electrode interfaces. An electrode usually operates as one part of this larger arrangement.
Electrolysis: The use of electrical energy to drive a nonspontaneous chemical reaction. Electrodes deliver current to the reactants and provide sites for reaction.
Inductive coupling: Transfer of energy or signals between circuits through mutual magnetic fields. It provides a contactless alternative to current entering through an electrode.
Charge-transfer resistance: The opposition to electron-transfer reactions at an electrochemical interface. It quantifies how readily the electrode exchanges electrons with an electrolyte.
Anode: The electrode at which oxidation occurs in an electrochemical cell. This reaction-based role identifies one of the two principal electrode types.

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