Electromagnetic induction

Electromagnetic induction is the production of an electromotive force when magnetic flux through a conductor changes. It underlies electric generators, transformers, and many sensing devices.

Faraday's law of induction: Faraday’s law states that induced electromotive force equals the negative rate of change of magnetic flux. It quantifies how rapidly changing flux produces an electromotive force.
Electric generator: An electric generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through electromagnetic induction. Rotating coils or magnets change magnetic flux to produce usable voltage.
Electromotive force: Electromotive force is the energy supplied per unit charge by a source in an electric circuit. Induction produces an electromotive force even when no current flows.
Electrostatic induction: Electrostatic induction is the redistribution of charges in an object caused by a nearby electric charge. Despite the shared name, it involves charge redistribution from an electric field, not changing magnetic flux.
Magnetic flux: Magnetic flux measures the magnetic field passing through a chosen surface. A change in this quantity is the condition that drives induction.
Transformer: A transformer transfers electrical energy between circuits using changing magnetic flux in coupled coils. Alternating current in one coil induces voltage in another.
Electric current: Electric current is the rate at which electric charge passes through a surface. An induced voltage drives current only when a conducting path is closed.
Voltaic cell: A voltaic cell produces electrical energy through spontaneous chemical reactions. It generates electromotive force chemically rather than through changing magnetic flux.
Lenz's law: Lenz’s law states that an induced current opposes the change in magnetic flux that produces it. It supplies the direction of the induced current and explains the minus sign in Faraday’s law.
Induction motor: An induction motor produces torque when a changing magnetic field induces currents in its rotor. Induced rotor currents turn electrical power into mechanical motion.

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