Electromagnetic shielding

Electromagnetic shielding uses conductive or magnetic barriers to reduce electric fields, magnetic fields, or electromagnetic waves within a region or enclosure.

Skin effect: The tendency of alternating current to concentrate near a conductor’s surface as frequency increases. It explains why high-frequency currents and fields are attenuated near a shield’s surface.
Electromagnetic field: A physical field produced by electric charges and currents, comprising electric and magnetic components. Shielding acts on these fields rather than on a single generic signal.
Electromagnetic interference: Unwanted electromagnetic energy that disrupts the operation of electronic equipment or systems. Shielding reduces interference entering or escaping an enclosure.
Electromagnetic absorption: The conversion of electromagnetic energy into other forms, commonly heat, within a material. Absorption dissipates energy, while shielding can also reflect or redirect it.
Electromagnetic induction: The production of an electromotive force by changing magnetic flux. Induced currents in conductive shields create fields that oppose changing magnetic fields.
Electromagnetic wave: A propagating disturbance of electric and magnetic fields that transports energy through space or a material. Radiated waves behave differently from static or near-field disturbances.
Radio-frequency shielding: The reduction of radio-frequency electromagnetic energy using conductive barriers, enclosures, or materials. It applies shielding principles to communications and electronic equipment.
Electrostatic shielding: The reduction of static electric fields within a region using conductive boundaries. It is a specific case in which charge redistribution provides protection.
Faraday cage: A conductive enclosure that reduces external electric fields and electromagnetic waves inside it. It is the classic enclosure form of electromagnetic shielding.
Electrical conductivity: A material property describing how readily electric charge moves through a substance. Conductivity governs induced currents that reflect and absorb electromagnetic energy.

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