Electron magnetic moment

The magnetic dipole moment associated with an electron’s spin and, in bound states, its orbital angular momentum. Its spin contribution is nearly twice the value predicted by a simple classical angular-momentum model.

Electron spin: An intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by electrons, with quantum number one-half. The electron’s intrinsic magnetic moment is proportional to its spin.
Bohr magneton: The natural unit of magnetic moment for an electron, defined using its charge, mass, and Planck’s constant. Electron magnetic moments are conventionally expressed in units of this scale.
g−2 experiment: A precision measurement of a particle’s anomalous magnetic moment through its spin precession in a magnetic field. Electron g−2 measurements test the predicted spin moment with exceptional precision.
Proton magnetic moment: The magnetic dipole moment associated with a proton’s spin and internal structure. Unlike the electron’s, the proton moment reflects composite quark and gluon dynamics.
Gyromagnetic ratio: The ratio between a magnetic moment and the angular momentum associated with it. It quantifies how much magnetic moment accompanies the electron’s spin.
Orbital angular momentum: Angular momentum associated with a particle’s motion through space. In bound states, an electron’s orbital motion contributes a magnetic moment distinct from spin.
Penning trap: A device that confines charged particles using static electric and magnetic fields. Penning traps enable precise measurements of an electron’s spin and cyclotron frequencies.
Neutron magnetic moment: The magnetic dipole moment of the electrically neutral neutron, arising from its internal charged constituents. Its nonzero value shows that magnetic moment does not require net electric charge.
Landé g-factor: A dimensionless factor relating angular momentum to magnetic moment in quantum states. The electron’s spin g-factor sets its moment relative to the Bohr magneton.
Magnetic dipole moment: A vector quantity that measures the strength and orientation of a magnetic source. The electron’s moment is a particle-scale instance of this general magnetic quantity.

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