Electronic component

An electronic component is a physical device used in a circuit to control, generate, store, or transform electrical signals or energy. Components may be passive, active, or electromechanical.

Resistor: A passive component that opposes electric current and dissipates electrical energy as heat. Resistors set currents and divide voltages in circuits.
Ohm's law: A relation stating that voltage across an ideal resistor equals its current multiplied by its resistance. It predicts the voltage-current behavior of resistive components.
Voltage divider: A circuit that produces an output voltage from a series arrangement of impedances. Resistors commonly form dividers that set circuit reference voltages.
Passive component: A component that does not provide net energy gain to a signal or circuit. Passive parts store, dissipate, or transfer energy without active amplification.
Capacitor: A passive component that stores energy in an electric field between conductors. Capacitors store charge and shape changing signals.
Kirchhoff's circuit laws: Rules stating that currents balance at circuit junctions and voltage changes sum to zero around a loop. They connect individual component behaviors into whole-circuit analysis.
Low-pass filter: A circuit that passes low-frequency signals while attenuating higher-frequency signals. Resistors, capacitors, and inductors combine to select signal frequencies.
Active component: A component that can control current using an external signal or energy source and enable amplification or switching. Active parts distinguish signal control and gain from passive energy handling.
Inductor: A passive component that stores energy in a magnetic field when current flows through a coil. Inductors store magnetic energy and oppose rapid changes in current.
Impedance: The frequency-dependent opposition that a circuit presents to alternating current. It describes how components respond to signals that vary over time.

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