Electrostatic shielding

Electrostatic shielding is the reduction of electric fields within a conducting enclosure or material. Mobile charges redistribute until the electric field inside a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium is zero.

Electrostatic equilibrium: A state in which charges at rest experience no net force and electric fields no longer change with time. Shielding follows when mobile charges settle into this state.
Faraday cage: A conducting enclosure that reduces external electric fields within its interior. Its design turns the shielding principle into a physical barrier.
Magnetic shielding: The reduction or redirection of magnetic fields using materials or engineered structures. Static electric fields are canceled by charge motion; static magnetic fields generally are not.
Aperture coupling: The transmission of electromagnetic energy through openings in a shielding enclosure. Gaps interrupt an enclosure and can admit fields that an unbroken conductor would exclude.
Gauss's law: A law relating electric flux through a closed surface to the charge enclosed by that surface. It connects charge redistribution to the vanishing field inside a conductor.
Electrostatic discharge: A sudden transfer of electric charge between objects at different electric potentials. Shielded packaging and workspaces help protect components from damaging discharges.
Electromagnetic shielding: The reduction of electromagnetic fields using barriers, enclosures, or other materials. It includes frequency-dependent shielding beyond the electrostatic case.
Electrical conductivity: A material property measuring how readily electric charge moves through a substance. Finite conductivity makes practical shielding depart from the ideal conductor model.
Electric field: A vector field describing the electric force per unit positive charge at each point in space. Shielding describes how conductors alter this field within a region.
Shielded cable: A cable with a conductive layer that reduces electromagnetic interference in its signal conductors. Its conductive layer provides electrostatic shielding around the signal path.

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