Electrosynthesis

Electrosynthesis uses electrical current to drive chemical reactions, typically by oxidizing or reducing reactants at electrodes. It can replace chemical reagents with electrons supplied by an external circuit.

Electrochemical cell: A system of electrodes and an electrolyte in which chemical reactions exchange energy with electrical current. Electrosynthesis takes place in these cells, where electrode reactions convert electrical input into chemical change.
Electrode potential: The electrical potential of an electrode relative to a reference electrode or another electrode. Applied potential sets the thermodynamic driving force for electrosynthetic electron transfer.
Kolbe electrolysis: An anodic decarboxylation reaction that couples carboxylate-derived radicals to form carbon–carbon bonds. It is a classic example of electrosynthesis using anodic oxidation to build organic molecules.
Chemical synthesis: The preparation of compounds through controlled chemical reactions. Electrosynthesis is a mode of chemical synthesis distinguished by electrical control of redox steps.
Anodic oxidation: An oxidation reaction occurring at an anode, where a species loses electrons. Many electrosynthetic routes form products by oxidizing reactants at the anode.
Electrolyte: A medium containing mobile ions that carries ionic current between electrodes. Electrolytes complete the circuit and can influence conductivity, selectivity, and stability.
Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction: The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into reduced products such as carbon monoxide, formate, or hydrocarbons. It uses cathodic current to turn a waste greenhouse gas into chemical feedstocks.
Photoredox catalysis: Catalysis that uses light absorption to generate reactive states capable of transferring single electrons. It can drive similar redox transformations, but light rather than electrode current supplies the activation.
Cathodic reduction: A reduction reaction occurring at a cathode, where a species gains electrons. Electrons delivered at the cathode can reduce substrates without stoichiometric chemical reductants.
Redox reaction: A chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons between species. Electrosynthesis uses electrode-mediated redox reactions to transform starting materials.

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ElectrolysisRelated: It applies electrolysis selectively to make useful compounds rather than merely decompose substances.