Element 119

Element 119 is the hypothetical chemical element with 119 protons, placed below francium in group 1 of the periodic table. No atom of it has been experimentally confirmed.

Island of stability: A predicted region of relatively longer-lived superheavy nuclei among extremely unstable isotopes. Nuclear models use it to estimate whether any element 119 isotope might last long enough to detect.
Nuclear fusion: A nuclear reaction in which two nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus. Proposed synthesis routes fuse a projectile nucleus with a heavy target to make element 119.
Tennessine: A synthetic chemical element with atomic number 117, confirmed in 2010 and named in 2016. It is the nearest confirmed predecessor and illustrates the evidence standard element 119 must meet.
IUPAC element discovery criteria: Standards used by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry to evaluate claims of new element discovery. A candidate event must provide reproducible evidence for atomic number 119 before recognition.
Superheavy element: A chemical element with an atomic number above 103, generally produced artificially and often highly unstable. Element 119 belongs to the class whose members are made through nuclear reactions.
Berkeley Gas-filled Separator: A recoil separator used to isolate and identify heavy nuclei produced in nuclear reactions. The Berkeley team used this instrument in searches for element 119.
Oganesson: A synthetic chemical element with atomic number 118, confirmed in 2006 and named in 2016. As the heaviest confirmed element, it marks the current boundary just below element 119.
Superheavy element synthesis: The production of very high-atomic-number nuclei through reactions between heavy ions and target nuclei. Element 119 is the next unconfirmed target in this experimental program.
Alkali metal: An element in group 1 whose atoms have one outer electron and commonly form +1 ions. Its group placement predicts an outer electron and alkali-metal behavior, though relativistic effects may alter details.
RIKEN: Japan’s national research institute for natural sciences, including a major accelerator-based nuclear physics program. RIKEN has conducted a long-running search for element 119 using a titanium-ion beam.

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