Elo rating system

A method for estimating players’ relative skill from game results. It updates ratings according to whether outcomes match expectations based on opponents’ ratings.

Elo expected score: A logistic formula that converts the rating difference between two players into each player’s expected score. It sets the benchmark against which an actual result produces a rating change.
Arpad Elo: A Hungarian-American physicist and chess master who developed the rating system that bears his name. He designed the method to improve the measurement of chess-player strength.
Go rating system: A method for estimating Go players’ relative strength from their game results. Go organizations use Elo-based calculations to rate players.
Glicko rating system: A rating system that extends Elo by tracking uncertainty in each player’s rating. It adjusts more cautiously when a player’s estimated skill is uncertain.
Elo rating update: The rule that adjusts a rating by multiplying the difference between actual and expected score by a development factor. It turns prediction errors into the system’s rating changes.
United States Chess Federation: The national organization that governs organized chess in the United States. It adopted Elo’s system for rating players in 1960.
Association football Elo ratings: A system that rates national association football teams using match results and opponent strength. It adapts Elo’s outcome-based updates to teams and match margins.
TrueSkill: A Bayesian rating system designed for multiplayer games and teams as well as head-to-head contests. It models uncertainty and team outcomes that basic Elo does not represent directly.
K-factor: A multiplier that controls how strongly a rating changes after a game. Its value determines how quickly Elo ratings respond to unexpected results.
FIDE: The international governing body for chess, founded in 1924. FIDE adopted Elo’s system for international chess ratings in 1970.

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