Emerging infectious disease

An infection whose incidence or geographic range is increasing, or that threatens to increase. Emergence can result from a new pathogen, a newly recognized infection, or changing conditions that enable wider spread.

Zoonosis: An infection transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans. Many emerging infections cross into human populations from animal hosts.
Influenza pandemic: A worldwide epidemic caused by an influenza virus to which populations have limited immunity. Pandemics illustrate how influenza strains can emerge and spread globally.
World Health Organization: A United Nations agency that coordinates international public health. It coordinates surveillance and responses to emerging international health threats.
Infectious disease surveillance: The systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data about infections. Surveillance detects unusual changes in incidence, geography, or pathogen behavior.
Reemerging infectious disease: An infection that returns or increases after previously declining or being controlled. Reemergence involves renewed spread, while emergence can describe a genuinely new threat.
Spillover infection: An infection that passes from an animal population into a new host population. A spillover can introduce a pathogen into people with little prior exposure.
1918 influenza pandemic: A global influenza pandemic that killed tens of millions of people from 1918 to 1920. Its rapid worldwide spread made it a defining example of pandemic emergence.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: A United States federal agency responsible for public health and disease control. Its Emerging Infections Programs track infections and strengthen epidemiological capacity.
One Health surveillance: Monitoring human, animal, and environmental health data together to identify shared threats. Integrated monitoring can reveal zoonotic threats before or during spillover.
Endemic disease: A disease that is persistently present at a usual level in a particular population or region. Endemic presence differs from the increasing incidence or range that defines emergence.

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