Emperor penguin

The emperor penguin is the largest living penguin species, native to Antarctica. It breeds during the continent’s winter, with adults incubating eggs through extreme cold.

Egg incubation in emperor penguins: The male emperor penguin balances a single egg on his feet beneath a brood pouch during incubation. Males incubate eggs through the Antarctic winter while females return to sea to feed.
Penguin: A flightless seabird in the family Spheniscidae, adapted for swimming and found in the Southern Hemisphere. Emperor penguins are the largest living members of this bird family.
Emperor penguin satellite monitoring: The use of satellite imagery and tracking to locate colonies and monitor emperor penguin distribution. Satellite observations can reveal colony changes across remote Antarctic coastlines.
King penguin: A large subantarctic penguin species and the closest living relative of the emperor penguin. It is similar in appearance but smaller and breeds on land in milder conditions.
Emperor penguin breeding failure: A reproductive outcome in which emperor penguin eggs or chicks fail to survive to fledging. Loss of stable breeding ice can cause entire colonies to lose chicks.
Emperor penguin huddling: A cooperative behavior in which emperor penguins crowd together, reducing heat loss in Antarctic winds. Huddles help breeding adults conserve heat during prolonged winter fasting.
Spheniscidae: The biological family containing all living penguins, a group of flightless seabirds adapted to aquatic life. This is the family to which the emperor penguin belongs.
Animal-borne data logger: A device attached to an animal to record information such as location, depth, or movement. Loggers show where emperor penguins travel and how they dive while foraging.
Adélie penguin: A small Antarctic penguin species that nests in colonies on ice-free coastal ground. Unlike emperor penguins, Adélie penguins breed during the Antarctic summer.
Antarctic sea-ice decline: A reduction in the extent, duration, or stability of sea ice around Antarctica. Declining or unstable ice threatens the platforms emperor penguins use to breed and molt.

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