Energy

Energy is a measurable property of physical systems that can be transferred or transformed while being conserved. It appears in forms such as kinetic, potential, thermal, and chemical energy.

Work (physics): Work is energy transferred when a force moves an object through a displacement. Work measures one way energy passes between a system and its surroundings.
Joule: The joule is the SI unit of energy, equal to one newton-meter. It gives energy a standard unit for measurement and comparison.
Thermodynamic cycle: A thermodynamic cycle is a sequence of processes that returns a working substance to its initial state. Cycles convert energy transfers into repeatable engine or refrigeration operation.
Power (physics): Power is the rate at which energy is transferred or work is done. Energy measures an amount; power measures how quickly that amount changes hands.
Heat: Heat is energy transferred between systems because of a temperature difference. Heat describes energy transfer driven by temperature difference, not energy stored in a body.
Force: Force is an interaction that can change an object's motion or deform it. Forces can transfer energy by doing work.
Electric power: Electric power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred or converted. Power describes how quickly energy is delivered in electrical systems.
Momentum: Momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity. Momentum and energy are distinct conserved quantities with different physical roles.
First law of thermodynamics: The first law states that a system’s energy change equals energy transferred as heat and work. It expresses energy conservation for thermodynamic systems.
Conservation law: A conservation law states that a specified quantity remains constant in a closed system. Energy conservation is one instance of a broad principle in physics.

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