Enosis

Enosis was the movement to unite Cyprus with Greece, pursued by Greek Cypriot nationalists during the twentieth century. It shaped the island’s conflict over British rule, partition, and independence.

Megali Idea: A Greek nationalist aspiration to unite Greek-populated territories within a larger Greek state. Enosis adapted this wider nationalist vision to Cyprus.
Makarios III: The Greek Orthodox archbishop of Cyprus who became the island’s first president in 1960. He led the political campaign for enosis before accepting an independent republic.
Zurich and London Agreement: The 1959 agreements that established the terms for an independent Republic of Cyprus. They replaced union with Greece with an independent state guaranteed by Britain, Greece, and Turkey.
Taksim: The Turkish Cypriot political demand for partition of Cyprus and, at times, union with Turkey. It opposed enosis by advocating division rather than union with Greece.
British Cyprus: The period of British administration in Cyprus, from 1878 to 1960. British rule turned the demand for union into an anti-colonial campaign.
Georgios Grivas: A Greek Cypriot military officer who founded and commanded EOKA. He organized armed action to end British rule and achieve enosis.
Republic of Cyprus: The sovereign state established in 1960 on the island of Cyprus. Its creation ended the formal campaign to unite Cyprus with Greece, without settling communal tensions.
Cypriot nationalism: A political nationalism centered on a shared Cypriot identity and the island’s self-determination. It offered an island-centered alternative to enosis’s union with Greece.
Cyprus Convention: The 1878 agreement that transferred the administration of Cyprus from the Ottoman Empire to Britain. Its transfer of administration began the British period in which enosis grew.
EOKA: A Greek Cypriot nationalist organization that fought British rule in Cyprus from 1955 to 1959. It pursued enosis through an armed campaign against British rule.

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