Knowra Environmental conflict Environmental conflict A dispute over access to, control of, or effects on natural resources and the environment. It can involve communities, governments, companies, or states.
Environmental scarcity : A shortage or unequal distribution of environmental resources relative to human needs. Scarcity can intensify competition over land, water, forests, and other resources.
Niger Delta conflict : A long-running conflict in Nigeria's Niger Delta involving oil extraction, pollution, resource control, and political grievances. It links environmental damage from oil production to demands for local control and justice.
Wangari Maathai : A Kenyan environmental and political activist who founded the Green Belt Movement and received the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize. Her work joined forest protection, community livelihoods, and democratic participation.
Environmental peacebuilding : The use of environmental cooperation and resource management to support peace and prevent conflict. Unlike conflict, it centers collaborative management of shared resources.
Environmental displacement : The forced or constrained movement of people following environmental change or damage. Pollution, land loss, and resource restrictions can drive people from their homes.
Resource curse : The tendency for resource-rich economies to experience weaker development, corruption, or political instability. Resource wealth can concentrate control and revenues, sharpening disputes.
Ogoni people : An Indigenous ethnic group in Nigeria's Niger Delta, known for resistance to oil pollution and dispossession. Ogoni activism made environmental harm and resource control central to a major Nigerian dispute.
Ken Saro-Wiwa : A Nigerian writer and activist executed in 1995 after campaigning against oil pollution and political injustice in the Niger Delta. His campaign brought global attention to Ogoni grievances against oil extraction.
Resource war : An armed conflict in which control of valuable natural resources is a significant cause or objective. It is a narrower, militarized form of conflict over resources.
Ecocide : Severe, widespread, or long-term environmental destruction caused by human activity. Environmental conflict can accompany destruction that undermines ecosystems and community survival.
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