Knowra Environmental governance Environmental governance Environmental governance comprises the institutions, rules, and processes through which societies make, implement, and enforce decisions about the environment.
Environmental policy : A course of action adopted by public authorities to address environmental conditions and impacts. Governance turns policy choices into institutions, rules, and implementation.
Climate governance : The institutions and processes that coordinate responses to climate change. Climate action spans local, national, and international decision-making.
Multi-level governance : A system in which authority and policymaking are shared across multiple levels of government. Environmental decisions often depend on coordination across local, national, and international levels.
Environmental economics : The study of how economic activity affects the environment and how policy can address those effects. Economic analysis informs governance choices about pollution, resources, and incentives.
Stockholm Conference : The 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, held in Stockholm. It helped place environmental protection on the international political agenda.
Environmental law : The body of laws and legal principles governing human effects on the environment. It gives environmental decisions binding rules and enforcement mechanisms.
Biodiversity governance : The rules and institutions that shape the conservation and use of biological diversity. It applies governance to habitat protection, species, and genetic resources.
Global environmental politics : Political interactions among states and other actors over environmental issues that cross borders. It places governance within the international contest over shared environmental problems.
Market-based environmental policy : Environmental policy that uses prices, taxes, trading, or subsidies to influence behavior. It contrasts direct rules with incentives that steer decisions through markets.
United Nations Environment Programme : A United Nations body that coordinates environmental activities and supports international environmental cooperation. It emerged from the Stockholm Conference as a central institutional hub.
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