Enzyme kinetics

Enzyme kinetics is the quantitative study of reaction rates catalyzed by enzymes and how those rates depend on substrate concentration, inhibitors, and other conditions.

Michaelis–Menten kinetics: A rate model describing how an enzyme-catalyzed reaction velocity depends on substrate concentration. Its equation summarizes the saturating rate behavior measured in many enzyme assays.
Reaction rate: The change in reactant or product concentration per unit time. Enzyme kinetics quantifies how enzymes alter this basic chemical quantity.
Enzyme inhibition: A reduction in enzyme activity caused by a molecule or condition that interferes with catalysis. Rate changes across substrate concentrations help characterize inhibition.
Hill equation: An empirical equation that describes cooperative ligand binding or sigmoidal response curves. It fits cooperative behavior that a single-substrate Michaelis–Menten curve cannot capture.
Metabolic control analysis: A framework for quantifying how enzymes and other steps control flux through a metabolic pathway. It shows why a single enzyme's rate parameters do not determine whole-pathway behavior.
Michaelis constant: The substrate concentration at which the Michaelis–Menten rate equation predicts half the maximum velocity. It locates the midpoint of the substrate-response curve without generally equaling binding affinity.
Enzyme–substrate complex: A transient molecular association between an enzyme and a substrate during catalysis. Its formation and breakdown underlie standard kinetic models.
Competitive inhibition: Inhibition in which a molecule competes with substrate for access to an enzyme's active site. Its characteristic rate pattern can be distinguished with kinetic measurements.
Lineweaver–Burk plot: A reciprocal plot of enzyme-rate data used to estimate kinetic parameters. Its historical use contrasts with modern nonlinear fitting, which avoids distortion of measurement errors.
Enzyme promiscuity: The ability of an enzyme to catalyze more than one chemical reaction or act on multiple substrates. Multiple activities complicate the assignment of one kinetic profile to an enzyme.

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