Epenthesis

Epenthesis is the insertion of a sound within a word or between words. It can ease articulation or bring a form into line with a language’s sound patterns.

Anaptyxis: Anaptyxis is the insertion of a vowel within a consonant cluster. It is the specific form of epenthesis that breaks up a difficult consonant sequence.
Phonology: Phonology is the study of how languages organize and use speech sounds. Epenthesis often follows a language’s rules for permissible sound sequences.
Loanword adaptation: Loanword adaptation is the reshaping of borrowed words to fit a receiving language’s sound patterns. Borrowed words often acquire sounds that repair unfamiliar consonant sequences.
English schwa insertion: English schwa insertion is the appearance of a short vowel between consonants in some pronunciations. It illustrates how speakers can break up difficult consonant sequences without changing the word’s spelling.
Deletion (phonology): Deletion in phonology is the omission of a speech sound in a particular linguistic environment. Deletion changes a sequence by removing a sound, the reverse of insertion.
Prothesis: Prothesis is the addition of a sound at the beginning of a word. It inserts a sound word-initially rather than within or between sounds.
Phonotactics: Phonotactics is the set of constraints governing sound sequences in a language. A sequence forbidden by phonotactics may trigger an inserted sound.
Second-language phonology: Second-language phonology studies how speakers perceive and produce sounds in a language learned after their first. Learners may insert vowels to break up clusters absent from their first language.
English intrusive r: English intrusive r is the linking pronunciation of /r/ between certain vowels, despite no written r. It shows an inserted consonant arising at a word boundary in connected speech.
Dissimilation: Dissimilation is a sound change that makes similar sounds in a word less alike. It changes the features of existing sounds rather than adding another.

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Compensatory lengtheningCompared with: Epenthesis adds material, whereas compensatory lengthening preserves duration through a longer segment.