Equatorial Guinea

Equatorial Guinea is a Central African country comprising a mainland region and several islands. Its capital is Malabo, on Bioko Island.

Spanish Guinea: Spanish Guinea was Spain’s colonial territory in the Gulf of Guinea, comprising the lands that became Equatorial Guinea. It was the colonial predecessor whose territories formed the modern country.
Río Muni: Río Muni is the mainland region of Equatorial Guinea, bordered by Cameroon and Gabon. It forms the country’s continental territory, separate from its islands.
Petroleum industry in Equatorial Guinea: Petroleum extraction and natural-gas production have driven Equatorial Guinea’s export earnings since offshore discoveries in the 1990s. Hydrocarbon exports transformed state revenues and the country’s economic profile.
Gabon: Gabon is a Central African country bordering Equatorial Guinea’s mainland territory to the south and east. The two neighbors share a border and oil-producing regional context but have distinct political histories.
Treaty of Paris (1900): The 1900 treaty between France and Spain delimited their colonial possessions in Central Africa. It established boundaries that shaped Spanish Guinea’s mainland territory.
Bioko: Bioko is an island in the Gulf of Guinea and the location of Equatorial Guinea’s capital, Malabo. Its harbor and colonial history helped make it the seat of government.
Spanish language in Equatorial Guinea: Spanish is Equatorial Guinea’s principal official language and the most widely used language in public life. Spanish remains a major legacy of colonial rule and a national lingua franca.
Cameroon: Cameroon is a Central African country bordering Equatorial Guinea to the north and east. It is the country’s northern mainland neighbor and a major regional point of comparison.
Equatorial Guinea independence: Equatorial Guinea became an independent state on 12 October 1968, ending Spanish colonial rule. Independence transformed Spanish Guinea into the present sovereign country.
Annobón: Annobón is a small volcanic island in the Gulf of Guinea and the southernmost part of Equatorial Guinea. It is a distant island province, far from both Bioko and the mainland.

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