Erich von Falkenhayn

Erich von Falkenhayn (1861–1922) was a German general who served as chief of the German General Staff and commanded Ottoman forces in Palestine during the First World War.

Otto Liman von Sanders: A German general who led Ottoman forces in several First World War campaigns, including the defense of Gallipoli. He preceded Falkenhayn in leading the Ottoman Yıldırım Army Group.
Yıldırım Army Group: An Ottoman army group organized with German support to defend the empire’s southern front during the First World War. Falkenhayn commanded this formation after arriving in the Ottoman Empire in 1917.
Prussian Army: The military of the Kingdom of Prussia, which became the core of the German army after unification. Falkenhayn built his career within this institution.
German Empire: The German nation-state established in 1871 and dissolved at the end of the First World War. Falkenhayn first held senior command within this state’s army.
Jemal Pasha: An Ottoman military and political leader who governed Syria and commanded forces during the First World War. His authority in Syria shaped the political setting of Falkenhayn’s Palestine command.
Sinai and Palestine campaign: A First World War campaign in which British Empire and Ottoman forces fought across Sinai and Palestine. Falkenhayn’s Ottoman command took place within this campaign.
German General Staff: The planning and command organization that directed the German army’s operations before and during the First World War. Falkenhayn led it from 1914 to 1916 before his Ottoman service.
Ottoman Empire: A multiethnic empire centered on Anatolia that dissolved after the First World War. Falkenhayn’s later command was exercised in service of this empire.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk: An Ottoman officer who became the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey. His Ottoman command experience overlapped with German-led military reorganization.
Third Battle of Gaza: A British victory in November 1917 that opened the way for the capture of Gaza and Jerusalem. Falkenhayn was leading Ottoman forces during the defeat that broke the Gaza defensive line.

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