Estonia

Estonia is a country in Northern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, bordering Latvia and Russia. Its capital is Tallinn, and its official language is Estonian.

Estonian War of Independence: The 1918–1920 conflict in which Estonia secured independence from Soviet Russia and German forces. It established the first independent Estonian republic after the collapse of imperial rule.
Estonian language: A Finnic language spoken chiefly in Estonia and unrelated to the Indo-European languages surrounding it. It is the country’s official language and a central marker of national identity.
Estonian e-Residency: A government-issued digital identity that lets nonresidents access selected Estonian online services and establish businesses remotely. It extends some administrative services beyond Estonia’s resident population.
Latvia: A country in Northern Europe south of Estonia, on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. The two countries share a land border and cooperate as Baltic neighbors.
Estonian Song Festival: A large choral festival held in Estonia, rooted in the nineteenth-century national awakening. Mass singing became a lasting expression of Estonian cultural identity.
Singing Revolution: A nonviolent movement of mass demonstrations and cultural resistance that helped end Soviet rule in Estonia and other Baltic states. Its mobilization helped restore Estonia’s independence in 1991.
Baltic states: The three Northern European countries Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, situated on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. Estonia is the northernmost member of this regional grouping.
X-Road: A decentralized data-exchange layer that allows public and private information systems to exchange data securely. It connects databases underpinning many Estonian digital public services.
Finland: A Northern European country across the Gulf of Finland from Estonia. Finnish and Estonian languages are related, and the capitals are linked by frequent ferry routes.
Estonian national awakening: A nineteenth-century movement that fostered Estonian language, literature, and national consciousness. It helped turn cultural identity into a modern national movement.

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