Ethiopian Revolution

The 1974 revolution that deposed Emperor Haile Selassie, ended Ethiopia’s monarchy, and brought a military committee known as the Derg to power.

Derg: The military committee that ruled Ethiopia after deposing Haile Selassie in 1974. It emerged from the armed forces’ revolt and became the revolution’s governing authority.
Haile Selassie: Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974, except during the Italian occupation of 1936–1941. His government’s legitimacy collapsed as protest and military dissent spread.
Red Terror (Ethiopia): A campaign of state violence by the Derg against perceived opponents, especially in 1977–1978. The regime’s consolidation turned the revolution into a period of mass political repression.
Ethiopian Empire: The imperial state that ruled Ethiopia until the monarchy’s abolition in 1974. Its dynastic institutions and social order were the revolution’s targets.
Ethiopian general strike of 1974: A nationwide labor stoppage in 1974 that pressed for political and economic change in Ethiopia. The strike broadened unrest beyond the military and weakened the imperial government.
Ethiopian famine of 1972–1975: A severe famine that affected Ethiopia, especially Wollo, during the early 1970s. The famine exposed the imperial government’s failures and intensified public anger.
Ethiopian Civil War: A conflict from 1974 to 1991 between Ethiopia’s Derg government and multiple armed opposition movements. The new military state faced rebellions that grew into decades of civil war.
Ethiopian Revolution of 1916: The 1916 coup that deposed Emperor Iyasu and installed Empress Zewditu in Ethiopia. Unlike the 1974 upheaval, it changed the monarch without ending the monarchy.
Ethiopian Revolution land reform: The 1975 abolition of tenancy and nationalization of rural land by Ethiopia’s Derg government. The revolution’s promise of “land to the tiller” became a sweeping restructuring of rural property.
Ethiopian feudalism: A landholding and tenancy system in imperial Ethiopia, marked by concentrated land ownership and obligations imposed on cultivators. Rural inequality and tenant grievances gave the revolutionary demand for land reform broad force.

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