Eugène Dubois

Eugène Dubois (1858–1940) was a Dutch physician and paleoanthropologist who discovered Homo erectus fossils in Java, including the specimen later known as Java Man.

Java Man: A Homo erectus fossil assemblage discovered by Eugène Dubois in Java in the 1890s. The name first given to Dubois’s most famous Java fossil material.
Charles Darwin: An English naturalist whose theory of evolution by natural selection transformed biology. Darwin’s evolutionary framework helped motivate Dubois’s search for an ancient human ancestor.
Marie Eugène François Thomas Dubois: The full name of Eugène Dubois, the Dutch physician and discoverer of Java Man. Historical records often identify the fossil hunter by this full form of his name.
Neanderthal: An extinct human group known from fossils across Europe and parts of western Asia. Neanderthal fossils offered a distinct evolutionary comparison to Java Man.
Trinil: A fossil site on Java where Eugène Dubois discovered Homo erectus remains. The site where Dubois found the skullcap and femur associated with Java Man.
Ernst Haeckel: A German biologist who proposed Pithecanthropus as a hypothetical intermediate between apes and humans. Haeckel’s predicted ape-man helped define the target Dubois sought in Asia.
Ralph von Koenigswald: A German-Dutch paleoanthropologist who studied important human fossils from Java. His later Java discoveries extended the fossil record in the region Dubois had explored.
Piltdown Man: A forged fossil assemblage presented in 1912 as an ancient human ancestor in England. The fraud contrasts with the authentic Java fossils and the controversies surrounding their interpretation.
Homo erectus: An extinct human species that lived across Africa and Asia for nearly two million years. The species to which Dubois assigned his Java fossils.
Sumatra: An Indonesian island in the western Malay Archipelago. Dubois first pursued fossil evidence of human ancestry during his work in Sumatra.

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