Eukaryogenesis

Eukaryogenesis is the evolutionary emergence of eukaryotic cells from ancestral cellular lineages. It involved the origin of the nucleus and other defining features of eukaryotic cell organization.

Mitochondrial endosymbiosis: The evolutionary incorporation of an alphaproteobacterium into an ancestral eukaryotic lineage, giving rise to mitochondria. It supplied the endosymbiotic partnership central to leading accounts of eukaryotic origins.
Eukaryote: An organism whose cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound compartments. Eukaryogenesis names the evolutionary process that produced this cellular domain.
Two-domain system: A classification in which eukaryotes arose from within Archaea, leaving two fundamental domains of life. It frames eukaryogenesis as an archaeal lineage acquiring a bacterial endosymbiont.
Origin of the eukaryotic nucleus: The evolutionary process that produced the nuclear envelope and compartmentalized genome of eukaryotic cells. No consensus explains how or when the nucleus arose relative to mitochondrial acquisition.
Asgard archaea: A group of archaea whose genomes contain many genes previously considered characteristic of eukaryotes. Their discovery identified close archaeal relatives of the host lineage in eukaryogenesis models.
Archaea: A domain of single-celled organisms distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes. Genomic evidence places the host lineage of eukaryotes within or close to archaea.
Three-domain system: A classification that treats Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya as three primary domains of life. It contrasts with evidence that places eukaryotes within the archaeal tree.
Mitochondrion-early hypothesis: The hypothesis that mitochondrial acquisition preceded many defining features of eukaryotic cellular complexity. It contrasts with proposals in which a complex host existed before the mitochondrial partnership.
Lokiarchaeota: A lineage within Asgard archaea, first identified through environmental genomic data. Its eukaryote-like genes helped establish the significance of Asgard archaea for origin models.
Endosymbiosis: A lasting association in which one organism lives inside another. Endosymbiosis provides the general process behind the bacterial ancestor of mitochondria.

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