Eurasianism

Eurasianism is an intellectual movement that portrays Russia and neighboring lands as a distinct Eurasian civilization, neither simply European nor Asian.

Nikolai Trubetzkoy: A Russian linguist and émigré intellectual who helped found classical Eurasianism. His writings gave the movement a theory of cultural difference and Russian historical identity.
Russian civilization: The historical cultural formation associated with the peoples, institutions, and traditions of Russia. Eurasianists redefine Russian civilization as neither merely European nor simply Asian.
Westernizers: Russian thinkers who advocated adopting or adapting Western European institutions and ideas. They opposed the Eurasianist claim that Russia belonged to a separate civilization.
Lev Gumilev: A Soviet historian and ethnologist known for theories of ethnogenesis and passionarity. His popular theories later supplied concepts to some post-Soviet Eurasianist writers.
Russian identity: The changing sense of collective belonging associated with Russia and its people. Eurasianism offers a distinctive answer to whether Russia is European, Asian, or both.
Pyotr Savitsky: A Russian geographer and émigré thinker who developed Eurasianism’s account of geography and statehood. He argued that Russia’s steppe and continental geography shaped a distinct civilization.
Steppe: A vast, largely treeless grassland biome found across Eurasia and other continents. The Eurasianist map treats the steppe as a connective space shaping Russian history.
Slavophilism: A nineteenth-century Russian intellectual movement stressing Orthodox and communal traditions against Western models. Eurasianism shares its critique of Western imitation but gives geography and non-Slavic peoples greater weight.
Alexander Dugin: A Russian political theorist associated with contemporary neo-Eurasianism and geopolitics. He reworked Eurasianist themes into a program opposed to liberal Atlantic dominance.
Civilizational state: A state whose legitimacy is framed through a distinct historical and cultural civilization. Eurasianism informs claims that Russia’s political order expresses a separate civilization.

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