Euratom

The European Atomic Energy Community is a treaty-based organization that coordinates civilian nuclear energy development, research, and safeguards among its member states.

Euratom Treaty: The 1957 treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community and defining its powers. It is the legal foundation for Euratom’s common nuclear framework.
Treaty of Rome: The 1957 treaty that established the European Economic Community and Euratom. It was signed alongside the Euratom Treaty as part of the same integration initiative.
Joint Research Centre: The European Commission’s scientific service, which conducts research for EU policies, including nuclear safety and technology. It carries out research connected to Euratom’s civilian nuclear objectives.
European Union: A political and economic union of European countries governed by common institutions and treaties. Euratom shares institutions with the EU but remains a separate treaty-based community.
Euratom Safeguards: The inspection and accounting system that verifies nuclear materials are used for declared purposes under Euratom rules. These inspections implement Euratom’s obligation to prevent diversion of nuclear materials.
European Coal and Steel Community: A European organization created in 1951 to pool coal and steel production among six states. Its sectoral integration model helped shape the institutional approach used for atomic energy.
ITER: An international project to build and operate an experimental fusion reactor in France. Euratom participates in ITER and contributes to its research programme.
European Atomic Energy Community Supply Agency: The Euratom body that monitors and helps secure supplies of nuclear ores, source materials, and special fissile materials. Its focused mandate differs from the Commission’s broader executive responsibilities.
European Commission: The executive institution of the European Union, responsible for proposing policy and enforcing EU law. The Commission administers Euratom safeguards and oversees compliance with its treaty.
Jean Monnet: French statesman and European integration architect who helped establish the European Coal and Steel Community. His advocacy for practical cooperation informed postwar plans for shared European industries.

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History of the European UnionBroader topic: It was one of the two communities established alongside the common market.