Euripides

Euripides was an Athenian tragedian of the fifth century BCE. His plays are known for psychologically complex characters, sharp debate, and unsettling portrayals of myth.

Medea: A tragedy by Euripides in which Medea takes revenge on Jason by killing their children. Its ruthless heroine makes the play one of Euripides’ starkest studies of revenge.
Attic tragedy: The tragic drama developed in Athens, especially during the fifth century BCE. Euripides wrote within this tradition while altering its dramatic and moral conventions.
Aeschylus: An Athenian tragedian whose surviving works include the Oresteia trilogy. His grand civic and religious drama offers an earlier contrast to Euripides’ intense domestic conflicts.
Deus ex machina: A plot device in which a god or other external power resolves an apparently insoluble crisis. Euripides often used divine appearances to end conflicts while leaving their justice unsettled.
Greek tragedy: A form of ancient Greek drama portraying grave conflicts that lead to suffering or catastrophe. Euripides’ surviving works are a major part of the tragic repertoire and its later interpretation.
The Bacchae: A tragedy by Euripides in which Dionysus punishes the Theban king Pentheus for denying his divinity. The play turns religious ecstasy and resistance to the gods into catastrophic conflict.
Dionysia: A festival in honor of Dionysus that included dramatic competitions in Athens. His tragedies were staged in the civic and religious setting of Athens’ dramatic festivals.
Sophocles: An Athenian tragedian whose plays include Oedipus the King and Antigone. His contemporary’s tragedies provide a close comparison in structure, character, and treatment of myth.
Greek agon: A formal contest or debate between opposing speakers in ancient Greek drama. His characters’ extended arguments turn ethical and political conflict into theatrical action.
Roman tragedy: The tragic drama produced in ancient Rome, often adapting Greek plots and characters. Roman playwrights reworked his stories, helping carry them into later theatrical traditions.

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