European Convention on Human Rights

A Council of Europe treaty that protects fundamental rights and enables individuals to bring claims before the European Court of Human Rights.

European Court of Human Rights: An international court that rules on alleged violations of the European Convention on Human Rights. It hears individual applications and inter-state cases alleging Convention violations.
Council of Europe: An international organization founded in 1949 to promote human rights, democracy, and the rule of law in Europe. The organization drafted the Convention and oversees its treaty system.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A 1948 United Nations declaration setting out a common catalogue of fundamental rights and freedoms. Its rights framework helped shape the Convention’s postwar project.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: A United Nations treaty protecting civil and political rights, monitored by the Human Rights Committee. It offers a global treaty framework without a court whose judgments operate like Strasbourg judgments.
Individual application: A petition by a person or organization alleging that a state violated a protected right. Article 34 lets eligible applicants bring claims directly to the Court.
European Convention on Human Rights Protocol 1: The first protocol to the Convention, adding protections including property, education, and free elections. It extends the Convention’s rights beyond the original treaty text.
European Convention on Human Rights signing: The treaty’s signing in Rome on 4 November 1950 by the founding states of the Council of Europe. The signing established the Convention as a postwar European treaty.
European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights: A rights charter binding EU institutions and member states when they act within the scope of EU law. It is an EU instrument, not a Council of Europe treaty, and applies within EU-law scope.
Exhaustion of domestic remedies: The requirement to use available and effective national legal remedies before bringing an international claim. Applicants generally must complete effective domestic remedies before applying to Strasbourg.
European Convention on Human Rights Protocol 6: A protocol to the Convention that abolishes the death penalty in peacetime for states bound by it. It adds a substantive protection against capital punishment in peacetime.

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