Euroscepticism

Euroscepticism is skepticism toward or opposition to European integration, the powers of the European Union, or a country’s membership in it.

European integration: The process of building shared institutions, policies, and cooperation among European states. Euroscepticism contests the scope and direction of this process.
Pro-Europeanism: Support for European cooperation, integration, or the European Union. It represents the broad political orientation opposite to Euroscepticism.
Treaty of Rome: The 1957 treaties that established the European Economic Community and Euratom. The founding project of the EEC became an early focus of British opposition.
UK Independence Party: A British political party founded in 1993 that campaigned for the United Kingdom to leave the European Union. It organized electoral support around withdrawal from EU membership.
Brexit referendum: The 2016 United Kingdom referendum in which a majority voted to leave the European Union. The vote converted a long-running membership dispute into a decision to withdraw.
European Union: A political and economic union of European member states with shared institutions and law. Its institutions and authority are central targets of Eurosceptic arguments.
Hard Euroscepticism: Opposition to European integration that favors leaving the EU or rejecting its central political project. This is the most categorical form of opposition within the broader concept.
UK European Communities membership referendum, 1975: A British referendum in which voters chose to remain in the European Communities. The campaign made arguments over membership a prominent feature of British politics.
Brexit: The United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union, completed in 2020. It was the most consequential recent outcome of a Eurosceptic campaign.
European Union withdrawal: The process by which a member state leaves the European Union under Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union. Brexit made withdrawal a concrete political and legal process.

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