Euryhalinity

Euryhalinity is the ability of an organism to tolerate a wide range of water salinities. It depends on maintaining internal water and ion balance as external salinity changes.

Osmoregulation: The control of water and dissolved-solute concentrations inside an organism. Euryhaline organisms maintain internal conditions despite changes in surrounding water.
Stenohalinity: The condition of tolerating only a narrow range of water salinities. It is the direct opposite of euryhalinity in salinity tolerance breadth.
Euryhaline fish: Fish capable of tolerating substantial changes in water salinity. These fish provide familiar examples of the broader physiological trait.
Atlantic salmon: A migratory salmon species native to the North Atlantic and adjacent rivers. Its transition from freshwater to seawater illustrates developmental salinity acclimation.
Osmoconformer: An organism whose internal osmotic concentration largely matches its environment. Unlike osmoconformers, many euryhaline animals regulate internal concentrations across salinity changes.
Osmoregulator: An organism that maintains internal osmotic conditions distinct from its environment. Euryhalinity describes tolerance range, while osmoregulation describes a strategy that can enable it.
Anadromous fish: Fish that migrate from the sea into freshwater to reproduce. Their life cycle requires coping with a major salinity transition.
European eel: A migratory eel that grows in European fresh and coastal waters and reproduces in the Sargasso Sea. Its life cycle spans habitats with sharply different salinities.
Ionocyte: A specialized cell that transports ions across an epithelium. Ionocytes alter ion transport as salinity shifts between fresh and salt water.
Eurythermy: The ability of an organism to tolerate a wide range of temperatures. It is the analogous tolerance trait for temperature rather than salinity.

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