Eutectic system

A mixture of components whose phase diagram contains a eutectic point, where liquid transforms into multiple solid phases simultaneously at a fixed composition and temperature.

Eutectic point: The composition and temperature at which a liquid in a eutectic system transforms into multiple solid phases simultaneously. It marks the defining condition in the system’s phase diagram.
Solder: A fusible metal alloy used to join metal surfaces without melting the joined parts. Many solders use eutectic compositions for sharp, predictable melting.
Phase diagram: A graph showing which phases of a material are stable at different temperatures, pressures, and compositions. A eutectic system is identified and analyzed through its phase diagram.
Peritectic reaction: An invariant phase transformation in which a liquid and a solid react to form a different solid phase. Unlike a eutectic reaction, it consumes an existing solid along with the liquid.
Eutectic reaction: A reversible phase transformation in which one liquid phase becomes two or more solid phases at a fixed temperature. It describes the transformation occurring at the eutectic point.
Eutectic alloy: A metallic alloy whose composition corresponds to a eutectic point in its phase diagram. These alloys exploit eutectic melting and solidification behavior.
Phase rule: A thermodynamic relation connecting the degrees of freedom, phases, and components in an equilibrium system. It constrains the number of independent variables at invariant eutectic equilibrium.
Eutectoid reaction: A solid-state transformation in which one solid phase changes into two or more solid phases at a fixed temperature. It resembles eutectic decomposition but begins with a solid rather than a liquid.
Lever rule: A phase-diagram method for calculating the relative amounts of phases in a two-phase region. It estimates phase proportions in solid and liquid regions near the eutectic composition.
Aluminium–silicon alloys: Aluminium alloys containing silicon, widely used in cast components and shaped by the aluminium–silicon phase diagram. Their near-eutectic compositions support fluid casting and useful solidification structures.

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